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John Burley Swainson (July 31, 1925 – May 13, 1994) was a politician and jurist from the US state of Michigan, as well as the 42nd Governor of Michigan. Swainson was born in Windsor, Ontario, Canada and moved to Port Huron, Michigan at the age of two with his family. His father, John A. C. Swainson, of Port Huron was Democratic Presidential Elector for Michigan in 1964 and an alternate delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan in 1972.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Swainson )〕 He was captain of his high school football team and an Eagle Scout. Swainson served in the United States Army during World War II with the 95th Infantry Division and lost both legs by amputation following a land mine explosion November 15, 1944, near Metz, Alsace-Lorraine.〔〔 He was awarded France's ''Croix de Guerre'', the Presidential Unit Citation with two battle stars, and the Purple Heart, all before his twentieth birthday. After months of convalescence and rehabilitation at the Percy Jones Army Hospital in Battle Creek, Swainson learned to walk upright and unassisted. Swainson received a B.A. from Olivet College, where he also met and married his wife, Alice Nielson. She accompanied him to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he received a law degree in 1951. While there, he was elected student president of the law school. ==Politics== Swainson was elected to the Michigan State Senate from the 18th District in 1954 and was reelected in 1958. In 1958, when Philip Hart was elected to the United States Senate, Swainson succeeded Hart as Lieutenant Governor of Michigan under Governor G. Mennen Williams.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Swainson, John Burley, 1925- )〕 When the long-serving and popular Williams announced he would not seek reelection in 1960, Swainson decided to enter the race. He did so despite being pressured by influential Democratic Party members, including Williams, not to run in deference to three-term Michigan Secretary of State James Hare. Swainson won the primary against the party favorite, largely due to strong support from labor unions. On November 8, 1960, Swainson narrowly defeated Republican Paul D. Bagwell, a Michigan State University professor, in the general election.〔 As a result, the 35-year-old Swainson became the youngest Governor of Michigan in the 20th century. 〔The "Boy Governor", Stevens T. Mason, elected at age 24 in 1835, is the youngest.〕 He was also the state's second foreign-born governor. Swainson's Lieutenant Governor was T. John Lesinski. His opponent in the Democratic primary, James Hare, continued to serve as Michigan Secretary of State until 1971. During his two years in office, a tax was secured on the usage of telegraphs, telephones, and leased wires, court procedures and medical care for the elderly were improved, legislative pensions were excluded from both local and state taxes, and taxes on liquor, beer and cigarettes were raised to fund educational programs.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Michigan Governor John Burley Swainson )〕 When the Bluewater International Bridge (which spans the St. Clair River between Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario) was paid off, Swainson used an executive order to cancel the $.25 toll that had been collected. "Stoically", he effectively cancelled his own father's "$6,115-a-year toll-collector's job", which John A. C. Swainson held since 1957. He appointed the first African American to sit on the Michigan Supreme Court. In 1962, Swainson was defeated by Republican George W. Romney, the chairman of the American Motors Corporation and who had never before held elected office. The win was attributed in part to Romney's appeal to independent voters, as well as to the increasing influence of suburban Detroit voters, who by 1962 were more likely to vote Republican than the heavily Democratic city. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Swainson」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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